Fig. 3: Optical property.

a X-ray-excited radioluminescence (RL) spectrum of Tb3+-doped Na5Lu9F32 anchored halloysite nanotubes (HNTs@Na5Lu9F32:Tb3+) and the photographic image of HNTs@Na5Lu9F32:Tb3+ taken under X-ray. b In situ measurement of the luminescence intensity of HNTs@Na5Lu9F32:Tb3+ under X-ray with on-off cycles. Source data in (a) and (b) are provided as Source Data files.