Fig. 2: Characterization of UiO-66-(X)2 membranes.

a–d SEM images of UiO-66 and UiO-66-(X)2 membranes. Inset shows the cross-section of the membranes. Scale bar is 1 μm in all the images. e XRD patterns of PET, UiO-66, and UiO-66-(X)2 membranes. f FTIR spectra of UiO-66 and UiO-66-(X)2. The peaks at 3366 and 3480 cm-1 reflect the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibration of -NH2 bond in UiO-66-(NH2)2, respectively. The peak at 2572 cm-1 reflects the stretching vibration of -SH bond in UiO-66-(SH)2. The peak at 1238 cm-1 reflects the stretching vibration of C-O on the benzene ring in UiO-66-(OH)2. The peaks at 1395 and 1660 cm−1 reflect the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of carboxylate groups of terephthalate acid, respectively. The peak at 557 cm-1 reflects the stretching vibration of Zr-O-C.