Fig. 2: Combustion and emission characteristics of the dedicated reforming cylinder under various overall excess air ratios.
From: Ammonia marine engine design for enhanced efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas emissions
a In-cylinder temperature and pressure as well as heat release rate, b In-cylinder ammonia and hydrogen mass as well as hydrogen conversion ratio, c In-cylinder NO and N2O, d Development of high-temperature region and hydrogen-rich region as well as in-cylinder temperature distributions at different crank angles. Here, λ refers to the overall excess air ratio. In b, the hydrogen conversion ratio is calculated as the ratio of in-cylinder hydrogen energy and total input ammonia energy. In d, the red, green, and cyan isosurfaces indicate the temperature of 200 K, and hydrogen mole fraction of 4.5% and 9.0%, respectively. (The following remain consistent across all cases: 1000 rpm, 10% diesel energetic ratio, −6°CA aTDC diesel injection, and 318 K intake temperature). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
