Fig. 4: Leveraging intragrain impurity annihilation to improve perovskite solar cells.
From: Intragrain impurity annihilation for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
a Schematic illustration of using a scanning laser probe for in situ IGIA for PSCs; b High-magnification STEM-HAADF images of the intragrain microstructure before and after IGIA for the same grain region; orange and yellow regions represent PbI2 and non-PbI2 intermediate phases that exist in the neatly synthesized perovskite film. c Current-voltage (J-V) curves, and d IPCE spectra of PSCs before and after laser-induced IGIA; e J-V curve of perovskite solar module with active area of 14 cm2 with optimal laser treatment. f Stability tests results for PSCs with different laser treatment conditions. The green plots are referred to the device without IGIA. The blue plots are referred to the device with IGIA only during film fabrication. The red plots are referred to the device with IGIA during both film fabrication and device aging. For the red plots, the laser icon indicates the times when the additional laser treatments (during device aging) are performed.
