Fig. 3: Clinical characterization of subtypes.
From: Identification of four biotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy via machine learning on brain images
a Proportion of TLE individuals with a visible hippocampal sclerosis on their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in each subtype. b Proportion of individuals with TLE whose seizure lateralization located at the corresponding left or right hemisphere. Red asterisk represents significant difference between a specific subtype vs. all other subtypes (subtype 1, p = 3.8 × 10−22; subtype 2, p = 2.5 × 10−29; subtype 3, p = 0.723; subtype 4, p = 0.015). c Differences of age of onset among four subtypes. d Differences of illness duration among four subtypes. e Proportion of individuals with seizure-free (i.e., effective), not seizure-free (i.e., ineffective) or lost follow-up in 144 medicated individuals (MG) at the follow-up (mean interval is 56.3 months). f Proportion of individuals with seizure-free (i.e., effective), not seizure-free (i.e., ineffective) or lost follow-up in 152 anterior temporal lobe operative individuals (OG) at follow-up (mean interval is 64.1 months). The white dotted line (a, b, e, and f) shows the average of the four subtypes. Data in figures (c and d) are presented using a box-plot (center line, median; box limits, upper and lower quartiles; whiskers, 1.5×interquartile range [IQR]; points, outliers). n = 85, 113, 41, and 57 biologically independent samples in the subtype 1, subtype 2, subtype 3 and subtype 4. Pearson’s Chi-square test is conducted for data analysis in figures a, b, e and f. Two-sided two-sample t test is used for data analysis in figures c and d. Multiple comparisons were considered with FDR correction. LHIP, left hippocampus-predominant signature (subtype1); RHIP, right hippocampus-predominant signature (subtype2); Cortex, the cortex-predominant signature (subtype3); Normal, the ‘normal’ signature (subtype4).
