Table 1 Demographic and clinical characterization of subtypes

From: Identification of four biotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy via machine learning on brain images

 

n

Subtype 1 (n = 85)

Subtype 2 (n = 113)

Subtype 3 (n = 41)

Subtype 4 (n = 57)

Age (year)

296

25.7(7.8)

27.8(9.4)

28.4(6.1)

27.5(10.4)

Sex (male/female)

296

43/42

58/55

21/20

35/22

Age of onset (year)

296

12.3(7.7)b,c,d

16(9.7)a,c

20.1(7.0)a,b

18.5(11.4)a

Illness duration(year)

296

13.2(9.1)c,d

11.8(8.8)c,d

8.3(6.5)a,b

8.9(7.0)a,b

Total intracranial volume (cm3)

296

1456.4(127.8)c

1472.9(141.9)c

1617.2(134.6)a,b,d

1447.8(138.5)c

Seizure lateralization (left/right)

296

79/6 b,c,d,*

8/105 a,c,d,*

21/20 a,b

36/21 a,b,*

MRI HS rate (%)

296

95.3% c,d,*

92.9% c,d,*

39% a,b,*

42.1% a,b,*

Handness (right/left)

296

81/4

113/0

41/0

57/0

History of hypoxia at birth

296

4(4.71%)

5(4.42%)

1(2.44%)

4(7.02%)

History of head trauma

296

7(8.24%)

11(9.73%)

2(4.88%)

8(14.04%)

History of febrile seizures

296

42(49.41%) c,d,*

49(43.36%) c,d,*

9(21.95%) a,b,*

7(12.28%) a,b,*

History of encephalitis meningitis

296

15(17.62%)d

20(17.70%)d

4(9.76%)d

0(0.00%)a,b,c,*

History of positive family

296

1(1.18%)

5(4.42%)

2(4.88%)

6(10.53%)

Aura

296

62(72.94%)d

83(73.45%)d

28(68.29%)

30(52.63%)a,b,*

Seizure frequency (daily/weekly/monthly/yearly)

296

8/35/37/5

9/46/46/12

2/18/18/3

13/24/18/2

Seizure type (FS/FBTCS)

296

25/60

39/74

13/28

24/33

Medications (1/2/3/4)

296

28/33/21/3

33/54/21/5

16/15/10/0

20/22/14/1

Pathology waves (unilateral/bilateral)

296

67/18

88/25

28/13

41/16

Treatments (OG/MG)

296

55/30

57/56

19/22

21/36

MG follow-up (Effective/ineffective/lost)

144

2/20/8

5/33/18

3/16/3

11/17/8

MG seizure-free rate (%)

107

9.09%d

13.16%d

15.79%

39.29%a,b,*

MG follow-up interval(months)

107

53.4(27.6)

52.5(26.5)

62.1(33.7)

59.7(33.2)

OG follow-up (Effective/ineffective/lost)

152

36/16/3

39/15/3

12/7/0

9/11/1

OG seizure-free rate (%)

145

69.20%

72.2%d

63.20%

45%b,*

OG follow-up interval (months)

145

64.6(33.1)

63.1(27.8)

62.9(30.1)

66.3(26.6)

  1. *Corrected two-sided P < 0.05 (versus all other subtypes); aCorrected two-sided P < 0.05 (versus subtype 1); bCorrected two-sided P < 0.05 (versus subtype 2); cCorrected two-sided P < 0.05 (versus subtype 3); dCorrected two-sided P < 0.05 (versus subtype 4). ANOVA with post-hoc Least Significant Difference tests is used for continuous variables (age, age of onset, illness duration and total intracranial volume). Pearson’s Chi-square test is used for other categorical variables. Multiple comparisons are corrected by FDR. Subtype1, the left hippocampus-predominant signature; Subtype2, the right hippocampus-predominant signature; Subtype3, the cortex-predominant signature; Subtype4, the normal signature; HS, hippocampal sclerosis. FS focal seizure, FBTCS focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizure, OG operative group, MG medication group.
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