Fig. 7: In vivo afterglow imaging and guidance for surgical resection of tumors.

a The schematic illustrations of the p-CDs in vivo afterglow imaging and guidance for surgical resection of tumors. b The fluorescence and afterglow images of mouse tumor after subcutaneous injection of p-CDs (the concentration of p-CDs: 0.3 mg mL⁻¹, 100 μL, 660 nm, 1.5 W cm⁻², 2 min). c The corresponding signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the fluorescence and afterglow imaging in b. d The afterglow images of mouse at different time with the p-CDs subcutaneous injection (the concentration of p-CDs: 0.3 mg mL⁻¹, 100 μL, 660 nm, 1.5 W cm⁻², 2 min). e The corresponding intensity of afterglow images of mouse at different time in d. f The scheme of guidance for tumor surgical resection process. g The afterglow imaging monitoring and guiding the tumor surgery process. The error bars presented in e indicate the statistical distribution derived from three independent measurements, the data show means + SD.