Table 3 Statistical analysis to identify correlation between hospital surfaces and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) colonisation and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)

(b)		bla_CTX-M-15		bla_NDM		bla_OXA-48-like
(b)		Negative	Positive	Negative	Positive	Negative	Positive	Total
Patient’s zone	Count	702	123	786	39	815	10	825
Patient’s zone	Row N %	85.1%	14.9%	95.3%	4.7%	98.8%	1.2%	100.0%
Surfaces near the sink drain	Count	365	94	425	34	444	15	459
Surfaces near the sink drain	Row N %	79.5%	20.5%	92.6%	7.4%	96.7%	3.3%	100.0%
Emergency neonatal care	Count	607	126	705	28	724	9	733
Emergency neonatal care	Row N %	82.8%	17.2%	96.2%	3.8%	98.8%	1.2%	100.0%
Ward furniture /surfaces	Count	652	104	725	31	750	6	756
Ward furniture /surfaces	Row N %	86.2%	13.8%	95.9%	4.1%	99.2%	0.8%	100.0%
Mobile medical equipment	Count	476	71	521	26	543	4	547
Mobile medical equipment	Row N %	87.0%	13.0%	95.2%	4.8%	99.3%	0.7%	100.0%
Medical equipment	Count	723	83	773	33	797	9	806
Medical equipment	Row N %	89.7%	10.3%	95.9%	4.1%	98.9%	1.1%	100.0%
Total	Count	3525	601	3935	191	4073	53	4126
Total	Row N %	85.4%	14.6%	95.4%	4.6%	98.7%	1.3%	100.0%
Significance		P = 0.000013		P = 0.071		P = 0.004

Chi-squared test was conducted to assess the extent of the differences in the proportions of ARGs between the surface categories. (a) Frequency of positive and negative GNB growth among hospital surfaces. (b) Contingency table showing the percentage of negative and positive samples for ARG among hospital surfaces. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed when comparing the prevalence of each ARG across surfaces; bla_CTX-M-15 and bla_OXA-48-like frequency varied significantly between the six surface categories (P < 0.05), but no significant differences in presence across surfaces were observed for bla_NDM (P > 0.05).

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