Fig. 2: Rational PS skeleton design for 808 nm laser-driven generation of •O2− and •OH under O2-independent conditions.

The fluorescence intensity changes of •O2− probe (DHR 123) at 525 nm and •OH probe (HPF) at 515 nm for a NTOalk NPs, b NTalk NPs, c NTgly NPs, and d MB. (n = 3 independent samples; mean ± SD). Three PS NPs were 5 μg mL−1 under 808 nm irradiation at 15 mW cm−2 for 5 min. The typical resonance signal of •O2− (red stars) and •OH (blue stars) of ESR spectrum for NTgly NPs using DMPO as trapping agent under e normoxic and f hypoxic conditions. g Energy-level diagram of NTOalk, NTalk, and NTgly. Mass spectra of the products generated in 18O2 using h NTgly NPs and i NTOalk NPs as the PSs in H2O containing H218O (v:v = 1:1). Mass spectra of the products generated in the •OH with coumarin reaction using NTgly NPs as the PSs in j H2O containing H218O (v:v = 1:1) and k pure H2O. l Mass spectra of the products generated in the •OH with coumarin reaction using NTOalk NPs as the PSs in H2O containing H218O (v:v = 1:1).