Fig. 1: Current exposure of ecosystem services to the invasive species most likely to affect them.
From: Risks posed by invasive species to the provision of ecosystem services in Europe
A Habitat maintenance. B Flood control. C Soil retention. D Outdoor recreation. E Nitrogen retention. F Crop provision. Exposure is measured as the number of invasive species (IS) per 10 × 10 km grid cell currently present in areas delivering Low, Medium and High levels of ecosystem services. To account for variations in the number of invasive species affecting each service (indicated in brackets in each panel), exposure values were rescaled to a range of 0-1. Box-plots depict the median, interquartile interval, and 1.5× interquartile range. N in the upper right corner correspond to the number of grid cells in Europe with valid ES and invasive species information. P-values correspond to Welch one-way ANOVA (two-sided). Pairwise Tukey HSD post-hoc comparisons can be consulted in Supplementary Table 2.
