Fig. 3: Characterization of nanotube in solution.

a Comparison of partial 1H NMR spectra (400 MHz, 298 K) of NOP− in DMSO-d6 and DMSO-d6/D2O mixture (v:v = 1:2). b The negative mode ESI-TOF-MS spectrum of NOP− in aqueous condition, inserted is the enlarged assignment of pentamer. c In situ AFM image of NOP− in 1:2 DMSO/H2O mixture, two distinct regions were selected along the white lines and their corresponding heights were measured and plotted on the right. d Photograph of a couple of NOP− solutions in DMSO (left) and 1:2 DMSO/H2O mixture (right) under irradiation of a beam of red laser. e Monomer (NOP−) concentration-dependent length of the single nanotube with different layers of assembled hexagon in solution (the green torus represents assembled hexagon using NOP− monomer as one layer; the figure beside each stacked torus represents the layer number; the last three stacked torus were not drawn as their real layer number and simplified for clarity.).