Fig. 6: The origins of product selectivity under spatial nanoconfinement.

a The cyclic voltammetry curves and b electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of different catalysts that were coated on the graphite electrode. c Modeling the pH in the nanopores in the background of a neutral solution. d Effect of PhOH concentration on the yield of oligomers in different oxidation systems. The computed concentration distribution of e PhO• and f dimer in the mid-section of tubes in different oxidation systems at 50% PhOH conversion. The inset shows the 3D spatial distribution of PhO• in the model and the position of the mid-section (red ring). The white circular ring represents the tube wall of 7.0 nm. The unit of the x- and y-axis is nm. Default conditions: T = 293.2 ± 0.3 K; pH = 7.0 ± 0.1; [catalyst] = 75 mg L−1; [PMS] = 2.0 mM; [PhOH] = 200 μM; for a, b scan rate = 2.0 mV s−1, [Na2SO4] = 1.0 M. The error bars represent the standard deviations from triplicate tests.