Fig. 4: Validation of the dual-SEI model.
From: Consummating ion desolvation in hard carbon anodes for reversible sodium storage
a Schematic of pre-desolvation and dual-SEI formation process on hard carbons. b, c TEM images of hard carbon after 10 cycles in 1 M NaPF6-EC/DEC electrolytes (b) and 1 M NaPF6-G2 electrolytes (c). d, e Two-dimensional AFM maps of elastic modulus AFM analysis of cycled hard carbons in 1 M NaPF6-EC/DEC electrolytes (d) and 1 M NaPF6-G2 electrolytes (e). f SAXS patterns of pristine hard carbons and cycled hard carbons in ester and ether electrolytes. g The RSEI and Rct at different discharge states in ester electrolytes and ether electrolytes. h Arrhenius plots were obtained at a fully charged state. i Arrhenius plots obtained at fully discharged state.
