Fig. 1: Experimental setup and representative results of x-ray scattering under uniaxial stress.

Measurements were performed in transmission geometry using a Razorbill CS200T strain cell. The YBCO6.67 sample was mounted onto an exchangeable titanium cross. Sections of large (0KL) reciprocal space maps at zero (left) and highest a axis compression (right) show the appearance of sharp 3D CDW peaks at integer L. Faint 2D CDW intensity in between is present at all strains at half-integer L on top of a diffuse phonon background. Grey arrows mark sharp Bragg reflections that appear at k = 0.5 due to higher harmonics with λ/2 (see Methods section for the wavelength λ). The inset shows an enlarged part of the (0KL) map. To make the 2D CDW more apparent, the colour scale is linear for small and logarithmic for large intensities.