Fig. 2: Electrical circuit analogous to a low-frequency, single-stage orifice PTR.
From: Dynamic acoustic optimization of pulse tube refrigerators for rapid cooldown
The schematic of this refrigerator is the same as shown in Fig. 1a except without the second stage and with no bypass. The compressor and rotary valve system functions as a pressure or flow-rate source, depending on whether the relief valve is open or closed (this valve is installed to prevent overpressurization). The volume flow rate phasor at the regenerator’s warm end is U1,w.
