Fig. 4: Continuous fabrication of flash graphene.
From: Continuous and low-carbon production of biomass flash graphene
a Intensity ratio of the 2D and G bands (in Raman spectra) of the biochar-based flash graphene at pilot-scale. We mixed every 4 samples into one batch to analyze the structure and application. To facilitate the analysis of the structure and application of the biochar-based flash graphene at pilot-scale, we mixed every 4 samples into one batch. b Intensity ratio of sp2 and sp3 carbon bond content of the biochar-based flash graphene at pilot-scale. c Upper: dispersity of flash graphene in a surfactant (F-127) solution. Below: flash graphene dispersion with various concentrations ranges from 2–10 mg L−1. The experiments were repeated twice. d Comparison of life cycle GHG emissions between biochar-based flash graphene systems at pilot-scale and industrial commodities (including aluminum, copper, steel and iron, petrochemicals, and cement). e Financial benefit comparison between biochar-based flash graphene system at pilot-scale and traditional mainly graphene production technology (oxidation-reduction). f Blueprint of the future industrial park for biomass flash graphene production.
