Fig. 5: Change in coalescent-based estimation of male and female effective population sizes over time under different scenarios.

Patrilocal residence and the descent rule of interest are introduced at t0, 100 generations before present, after a phase of panmixia. See the legend of Fig. 2 for parameter values. Average Bayesian skyline plots of male effective population size (a), female effective population size (b), and female-to-male Ne ratio (c) over 200 replicates are plotted for each scenario. The dashed grey line corresponds to the ratio of 17 obtained by Karmin et al.1. Values of means are provided in the Source Data file.