Table 2 π-based and coalescent-based male effective population size reduction factor and maximum ratio of female-to-male effective population size under the different scenarios

From: Patrilineal segmentary systems provide a peaceful explanation for the post-Neolithic Y-chromosome bottleneck

Scenario/study

Male effective population size reduction factor

Maximum female-to-male effective population size ratio

 

π-based b

coalescent-based c

π-based

coalescent-based

Karmin et al.1 a

NA

Siberia: 2.4 ; Andes: 2.5 South-East and East Asia: 2.7 South and Central Asia: 2.9 Near East: 3.7; Africa: 4 Europe: 6.7; 3.5 on average

NA

17

1

1.31

0.81

1.29

1.29

2a

1.32

0.82

1.26

1.38

2b

2.14

1.14

2.18

2.13

2c

1.31

0.83

1.29

1.24

2d

8.03

2.03

7.83

4.12

2e

3.70

1.57

3.79

3.70

2f

2.74

1.33

2.83

3.23

2g

21.10

2.77

21.52

7.63

2h

24.77

3.09

25.13

8.67

3a

20.18

2.74

22.16

19.89

3b

20.02

2.90

21.94

18.81

3c

19.91

2.86

22.28

18.00

  1. For scenarios 1 to 2h, patrilocal residence and the descent rule of interest are introduced at t0, 100 generations before present, after a phase of panmixia. Unless specified otherwise, tables in this paper present results considering a fission threshold of Nmax = 150 (when descent is patrilineal), a σ2 parameter controlling the variance in reproductive success between descent groups of 0.1 (in scenarios with variance), a male migration rate between villages set to 0 and no post-fission migration. For scenarios 3a to 3c, the descent rule is bilateral, and the residence rule is either patrilocal, matrilocal, or multilocal, between t0 and t1. Then, at t1, there is a transition to patrilineal descent with patrilocal residence (with the settings of scenario 2g, i.e. lineal fission, variance in reproductive success between groups, no violence).
  2. aThe reported values were obtained from visual inspection of Karmin et al.’s Fig. S4B1.
  3. bCalculated by dividing the number of males in the simulation at t0 (i.e. 750) by the mean π-based male effective population size, 100 generations after t0 for scenarios 1 to 2h, and 100 generations after t1 for scenarios 3a to 3c.
  4. cCalculated by dividing the number of males in the simulation at t0 (i.e. 750) by the minimum coalescent-based male effective population size.
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