Fig. 5: Shared mobile genetic elements (MGE) across Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) and Streptococcus pyogenes isolates.

a Maximum likelihood trees of SDSE and S. pyogenes with isolates carrying three near-identical (>99% nucleotide identity) MGEs highlighted by tree tip points. Genomic sequence clusters without the three MGEs of interest are collapsed and denoted by blue (SDSE) and red (S. pyogenes) triangles at tree tips. Flows link corresponding shared MGEs across the species but do not imply directionality of transfer. The emm sequence type of genome sequence clusters sharing MGEs are labelled for each species, respectively. Bootstrap supports are shown as branch colour gradients and were calculated using ultrafast bootstrap approximation³⁷. Scale bars represent substitutions per site. b A 54 kbp prophage, ϕ1207.3, carrying macrolide efflux resistance genes mef(A) and msr(D) was present with >99.9% nucleotide identity across SDSE and S. pyogenes. A representative SDSE element from isolate NS4595 was aligned against a representative S. pyogenes sequence (NS3871) with percentage nucleotide identity calculated using Hamming distance and plotted in 100 bp sliding windows. The element was present in a cross-species conserved insertion region with flanking core genes highlighted in green. c An 18 kbp integrative conjugative element (ICE)-like MGE carrying the tetracycline resistance gene, tet(M), was present with >99.9% nucleotide identity across species. The element was present at three different genomic insertion regions and thus flanking core genes are not shown. In the example shown, a 12 bp in-frame deletion was present at the 5’ end of tet(M) in the SDSE element which was distant from the active ribosomal binding domain. d A 41 kbp prophage ϕMGAS5005.3 carrying the streptodornase gene sda1, was shared across species with >99.9% nucleotide identity at a cross-species conserved insertion region as has been described previously¹³. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.