Fig. 4: MEA performance of Fe-N-C and Fe-N-CCVM cathode electrocatalyst.

a Determination of Fe-N-CCVM and Fe-N-C at 0.9ViR-free under 1 bar H2-O2. b Polarization and power density curves of Fe-N-CCVM and Fe-N-C. c Polarization and power density curves of Fe-N-CCVM before and after different potential cycles. d Polarization and power density curves of Fe-N-C before and after different potential cycles. e Long-term fuel cell tests for Fe-N-CCVM and Fe-N-C electrocatalysts under H2-Air conditions at a constant potential of 0.67 V. Test conditions: cathode loading 4.0 mg cm−2 for Fe- N-CCVM and Fe-N-C, anode loading 0.1mgPt cm−2, Nafion 212 membrane, 80 °C, 80 relative humidity (RH) and 1.0 bar H2-Air at flow rates of 300 ml min−1.