Table 3 Fractional incorporation rate (FIR) and rate of appearance (Ra) of U13C- potassium palmitate (16.0) and U13C-potassium linoleate (18.2 n-6) of athletes and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus before and after exercise interventions

From: Comparison of intramyocellular lipid metabolism in patients with diabetes and male athletes

 

Baseline differences between athletes and type 2 diabetes patients

p-value

Athletes change between baseline and deconditioning

p-value

Patients with type 2 diabetes change between baseline and exercise training

p-value

Difference in changes between athletes and type 2 diabetes patients

p-value

FIR 16.0 (%/h)

0.46 (0.18–0.76)

0.003

−0.27 (−0.57 to 0.3)

0.07

0.2 (0.002–0.4)

0.04

−0.5 (−0.8 to −0.1)

0.008

FIR 18.0 n-6 (%/h)

0.15 (0.05–0.24)

0.003

−0.06 (−0.16 to 0.05)

0.3

0.095 (0.1–0.17)

0.02

−0.15 (−0.27 to −0.02)

0.01

Ra 16.0 (mmol/h)

0.7 (−0.9 to 2.3)

0.4

−0.8 (−2.2 to 0.7)

0.2

−0.09 (−1.3 to 1.1)

0.9

−0.7 (−2.4 to 1.0)

0.4

Ra 18.2 n-6 (mmol/h)

−0.6 (−2.2 to 1.0)

0.4

−0.234 (−1.1 to 0.6)

0.5

−0.204 (−1.2 to 0.8)

0.7

−0.03 (−1.3 to 1.2)

0.9

  1. Data are shown as mean and 95% confidence intervals of inter-or intra-group differences/changes parametric hypothesis tests.
  2. Athletes n = 11; type 2 diabetes patients n = 12.
  3. FIR fractional incorporation rate, C16.0 U13C- potassium palmitate, C18.2 n-6 U13C-potassium linoleate, Ra rate of appearance, h hour.