Fig. 2: Comparison of productivity and upwelling proxies of core LV76-16-1 with orbital parameters and the marine oxygen isotope record.

a–c Variations in Ca/Ti, opal and Ba/Ti plotted with normalized obliquity (blue line) and precession60 (red line). d Reconstructed upwelling index of core LV76-16-1 and summer insolation at 65° in the northern Hemisphere60 (red line). e Marine benthic δ18O stack20. The vertical yellow bars represent interglacial periods with the corresponding marine isotope stages indicated. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.