Table 2 Effect of nutrition, water, sanitation, and handwashing intervention on oxidative stress measurements on Bangladeshi children at age 14 months

From: A cluster-randomized trial of water, sanitation, handwashing and nutritional interventions on stress and epigenetic programming

Urinary F2-isoprostanes

N

Absolute Mean

Mean

SD

Unadjusted difference: Intervention v. Control

Age- and sex-adjusted difference: Intervention v. Control

Fully adjusted difference: Intervention v. Controla

     

95% CI

P-value

95% CI

P-value

95% CI

P-value

Ln iPF(2α)-III (ng/mg creatinine)

Control

332

0.83

−0.33

0.54

      

Nutrition + WSH

356

0.7

−0.5

0.56

−0.16 (−0.27, −0.06)

0.002

−0.17 (−0.28, −0.06)

0.002

−0.14 (−0.22, −0.05)

0.001

Ln 2,3-dinor-iPF(2α)-III (ng/mg creatinine)

Control

332

6.66

1.84

0.33

      

Nutrition + WSH

356

5.64

1.68

0.32

−0.16 (−0.23, −0.09)

<0.001

−0.19 (−0.26, −0.13)

<0.001

−0.18 (−0.24, −0.12)

<0.001

Ln iPF(2α)-VI (ng/mg creatinine)

Control

332

16.36

2.68

0.46

      

Nutrition + WSH

356

13.5

2.5

0.44

−0.17 (−0.25, −0.1)

<0.001

−0.2 (−0.27, −0.13)

<0.001

−0.19 (−0.25, −0.12)

<0.001

Ln 8,12-iso-iPF(2α)-VI (ng/mg creatinine)

Control

332

16.05

2.63

0.55

      

Nutrition + WSH

356

13.49

2.44

0.57

−0.19 (−0.29, −0.1)

<0.001

−0.21 (−0.31, −0.12)

<0.001

−0.24 (−0.32, −0.16)

<0.001

  1. We used targeted maximum likelihood estimation with influence curve-based standard errors accounting for clustered observations from the trial’s geographic block-randomized design. Confidence intervals were adjusted for clustered observations using robust standard errors. The statistical tests were two-sided, and no adjustments were made for multiple comparisons.
  2. aAdjusted for prespecified covariates: child sex, child birth order, mother’s age, mother’s height, mother’s education, number of children <18 years in the household, number of individuals living in the compound, distance in minutes to the primary water source, household food security, household floor materials, household wall materials, household electricity, and household assets (wardrobe, table, chair, clock, khat, chouki, radio, television, refrigerator, bicycle, motorcycle, sewing machine, mobile phone, cattle, goats, and chickens), child age at dates of urine, vitals, and saliva collection, and monsoon season at dates of urine, vitals, and saliva collection.
  3. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
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