Fig. 3: Gal3 knockout improves diabetic phenotype in HFD-fed and db/db mice.

a Blood Gal3 levels in WT, Gal3^+/− and Gal3^−/− mice on HFD-fed (n = 8 mice). b–e Body weight (b, n = 12 WT mice, n = 7 Gal3^+/− mice), intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) (c), Area under curve (AUC) during IVGTT (d) and first-phase insulin secretion (e) in WT and Gal3^+/− mice on HFD-fed after 6 h of fasting. c–e, n = 9 WT mice, n = 7 Gal3^+/− mice. f–i Plasma glucose (f), Insulin level (g), The AUC of the first phase of insulin secretion (from 0 to 10 min) and the second insulin secretion (from 10 to 120 min) (h), and GIR (i) in hyperglycemic clamp study in Gal3^+/− mice on HFD-fed. n = 6 mice. j GSIS in primary islets from Gal3^+/− mice on HFD-fed (n = 6 biologically independent samples). HFD: 8–12 weeks from 8 weeks of age (c–j). k Experimental scheme of the db/db and db/db GKO mice. l, m Gal3 concentration in plasma (l, n = 5 db/db mice, n = 6 db/db GKO mice) and islets (m, n = 10 db/db mice, n = 5 db/db GKO mice). n–r ITT (n), IPGTT (o), Body weight (p), time course study of first-phase insulin secretion (q), and islets GSIS (r) in db/db and db/db GKO mice. n = 5 db/db mice, n = 7 db/db GKO mice (n–q); n = 8 (db/db), n = 5 (db/db GKO) biologically independent samples (r). The age of mice (l–r) was same with (k). Data were analyzed by two-sided Student’s t-test without adjustments for multiple comparisons. All data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Source data are provided as Source Data file.