Fig. 2: Metabolite, transcriptome, and phylogenetic association analysis.

ATissue profile of 3β-tigloyloxytropane. Three independent plants were used in the tissue profile analysis of 3β-tigloyloxytropane. The data are presented as means values ± s.d. **P = 0.0032. DW, dry weight. B Association analysis of the metabolites and BAHD gene family expression patterns. C Relative expression levels of TS in different organs, as indicated by qPCR. Three independent plants were used in the relative expression analysis of TS. The data are presented as means values ± s.d. **P = 0.0007. D Phylogenetic analysis of the BAHD-AT gene family. The phylogenetic tree was divided into clades 0–6. E BAHD acyltransferases and their substrates in clade 3: TS, the BAHD acyltransferase identified in this study; EcCS, Erythroxylum coca cocaine synthase, a BAHD acyltransferase of the coca tree; EcBAHD8, the homolog of EcCS in Erythroxylum coca; PaxASAT1-4, an acylsugar acyltransferase in Petunia axillaris; SlyASAT1-3, an acylsugar acyltransferase in Solanum lycopersicum; SsiASAT1-3, an acylsugar acyltransferase in Salpiglossis sinuata; ShaASAT2, an acylsugar acyltransferase in Solanum habrochaites; LeSAT1, a shikonin O-acyltransferase in Lithospermum erythrorhizon; LeAAT1, an alkannin O-acyltransferase in Lithospermum erythrorhizon; CrMAT, a minovincinine-19-hydroxy-O-acetyltransferase in Catharanthus roseus; and CrDAT, a deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase in Catharanthus roseus. All functionally identified BAHD-ATs are labeled with their corresponding accession numbers. Statistical analysis was performed according to the two-sided independent sample t-test.