Fig. 2: Characterisation of the number of bilayer defects.

A Diagram showing the steps involved in the preparation of the supported lipid bilayer via fusogenic AH peptide interaction and osmotic stress. B Hydrodynamic size of the different liposome preparations as determined by dynamic light scattering. C Zoom-in of representative images for each preparation method at the different stages of the peptide-mediated supported lipid bilayer formation process. PBS: clean substrate exposed to only buffer solution; Liposomes: substrate after vesicle fusion and buffer rinsing; Peptide: supported lipid bilayer after peptide incubation and osmotic shock buffer rinsing. D Particle contrast histograms from all localisations found in substrates exposed only to PBS solution (N = 6). Each curve with the same transparency level and grey intensity corresponds to an approximate scanned area of 0.2 mm². The overlap between different curves is indicated by the different degrees of transparency. E Particle localisation density as a function of SLB preparation obtained from an approximate scanned area of 0.2 mm² which is categorised according to the contrast falling within background and signal regions, respectively. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM over independent over N = (28,9,5,5,6) independent channel scan replicates corresponding to different functionalised surfaces. Scale bars: 5 μm.