Table 1 Spatial extent (in km2 and %) of LMI classes in agricultural/arable environments of Europe

From: A unifying modelling of multiple land degradation pathways in Europe

No.

LMI classes (number of co-occurring processes)

Agricultural lands

Arable lands

km2

%

km2

%

1

No degradation (0)a

120,963 ( ± 29,031)

6.16 ( ± 1.48)

66,410 ( ± 15,938)

6.07 ( ± 1.46)

2

Very low degradation (1)

523,824 ( ± 167,624)

26.70 ( ± 8.54)

287,879 ( ± 92,121)

26.33 ( ± 8.43)

3

Low degradation (2)

678,224 ( ± 149,485)

34.57 ( ± 7.62)

372,937 ( ± 82,198)

34.11 ( ± 7.52)

4

Medium degradation (3)

440,473 ( ± 66,655)

22.45 ( ± 3.40)

244,081 ( ± 36,936)

22.32 ( ± 3.38)

5

High degradation (4)

155,265 ( ± 25,020)

7.91 ( ± 1.28)

94,654 ( ± 15,253)

8.66 ( ± 1.39)

6

Very high degradation (≥5)b

43,352 ( ± 8,919)

2.21 ( ± 0.45)

27,460 ( ± 5,650)

2.51 ( ± 0.52)

  1. aagricultural/arable lands unaffected by degradation processes. bmost frequently five concurrent processes, according to the LMI histograms for agricultural/arable areas (Fig. 2b, e). % – the percentage-based area of the number of convergent processes (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ≥5), related to the absolute area of continental agricultural (1,962,101 km2)/arable (1,093,421 km2) lands. The values in parentheses (±) are error ranges obtained by applying a Random Forest classification model (see Methods). All these European statistics were extracted after excluding the countries with incomplete data for LMI modelling (Fig. 2).
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