Fig. 8: Theta oscillations and single neuron phase resetting to head movements.

a Head–gaze phase resetting of the average LFP aligned to head movement peak velocity (0 point). The color scale indicates average time–frequency representation (TFR) as Z-scored LFP power. Pink dotted lines indicate 95% confidence interval of the mean LFP signal at time −200 ms. b Single-cell mean firing rate aligned to head movement peak velocity for a putative pyramidal (pink) and a putative interneuron (green) cell. Shaded area corresponds to 95% confidence interval of the mean firing and dotted lines represent 95% confidence intervals of the shuffle null distribution, arrows indicate time points when the firing rate becomes significantly modulated against that threshold. c Average Z-scored firing rate phase resetting for all head movement-modulated putative pyramidal (pink, n = 72) and putative interneuron (green, n = 105) cells; shaded area corresponds to 95% confidence interval and the dotted line indicates the time of maximal activation. Right histograms represent the distribution of times when the firing rate becomes significantly modulated (bin width = 50 ms) for all modulated cells. Dark gray continuous line indicates 0 point, red continuous line on the histograms represents the median (green, putative interneuron median = 16.67 ms; pink, putative pyramidal median = 33.33 ms). d Distribution of shuffle-controlled, head movement-modulated cells according to cell type (left, putative pyramidal; right, putative interneuron), cells can be upmodulated when the firing rate significantly increases, downmodulated when the firing rate significantly decreases, and down/upmodulated when they show both significant increased and decreased phases (regardless of order).