Fig. 2: Performance comparison of ELM-free discharges in DIII-D and KSTAR tokamaks. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Performance comparison of ELM-free discharges in DIII-D and KSTAR tokamaks.

From: Highest fusion performance without harmful edge energy bursts in tokamak

Fig. 2

Normalized energy confinement time (H89) versus the figure of merit (G) at ELM-free state. These cover conventional (blue and purple regime), adaptive RMP, and various non-ELMing scenarios (orange regime), including QH23,24, I-mode21,22, and EDA-H mode19,20 in DIII-D. The red star and green diamond markers show the adaptive RMP discharges in DIII-D and KSTAR, respectively. The dashed lines indicate the ITER-relevant level1,62 required to achieve their baseline target parameters (normalized beta (βN) = 1.8, edge safety factor (q95) = 3, H89 = 2). A detailed plot for this figure can be found in Supplementary Fig. 1.

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