Fig. 5: Mapped investment requirements to meet universal household electricity access.
From: Carbon pricing and system reliability impacts on pathways to universal electricity access in Africa
Panel a shows total investment requirements (scale capped at million US Dollars in each cell up to 2030 for Tier 3 demand under the Ref_central scenario. The investment requirements follow where the density of the population requiring access is highest (see Fig. 4a). Panel b shows investment requirements up to Tier 3 for the Ref_central scenario but per household. Here, the results are relatively uniform, with some variation based on country-specific factors such as grid coverage and composition, diesel fuel prices and electricity demand growth. US Dollars given in 2022 values.
