Fig. 1: Polymeric flows.

An illustrative sketch of the different regimes of polymer-laden flows: classical Newtonian turbulence (HIT) at large \({{{{{{{\rm{Re}}}}}}}}\) and zero (or small) De, polymeric turbulence (PHIT) at large \({{{{{{{\rm{Re}}}}}}}}\) and intermediate De, and elastic turbulence (ET) at small \({{{{{{{\rm{Re}}}}}}}}\) and large De. The shaded region shows the recently observed elastic scaling regime in addition to the classical Kolmogorov scaling23,24.