Fig. 6: ADAM9 is required for the innate immune response to EMCV vRNA.

A–C WT and Adam9 KO primary lung fibroblasts were transfected with 0.1, 1, or 10 ng of EMCV vRNA or mock-transfected (using lipofectamine only, Lipo, as a control), and 24 h later, EMCV titers in the supernatant were determined by plaque assay (A) and IFN-β (B) or IL-6 (C) measured by ELISA. D IFN-β produced by WT and Adam9 KO lung fibroblasts infected with different levels of Sendai virus (SeV) as measured using hemagglutinin (HA) units for 24 h, measured by ELISA. E Ifnb1 mRNA in WT and Adam9 KO mouse lung fibroblasts  transfected with the RIG-I ligand RABV-Le RNA. F IFN-β levels from VSV vRNA-transfected lung fibroblasts, measured by ELISA. G IFN-β levels measured in supernatants from WT, Adam9 KO, and ADAM9-rescued fibroblasts at 24 h post-transfection with EMCV vRNA, determined by ELISA. In A–D and F one representative experiment of three independent experiments with n = 2 in each group is shown. In E and G data are representative of two independent experiments with n = 3 (E) or n = 2 (G) in each group. Error bars show mean ± SD. In B, C, and G P values were determined by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test; ****P < 0.0001; statistically not significant, ns, P = 0.8954, ***P = 0.0005, ****P < 0.0001; **P = 0.0023, ****P < 0.0001. Source data are provided in the Source Data file.