Fig. 2: Delayed antibody kinetics is associated with protracted plasma vRNA over a wide range of disease severity.

A Sigmoidal curve fitted to the average per day per patient cluster of RBD-specific IgG responses. The center of the error bars (corresponding to the squares) represent coordinates where 50% of max IgG level is reached per cluster (DSO_50%). The 95% confidence intervals (shaded area on graph) and P values (table at bottom right) were calculated using bootstrap comparison of DSO_50%. Extrapolated DSO_50% and 95% CI values are on the right of the graph. B Model of plasma vRNA detection, fitted to the average per day per patient cluster, among viremic patients only. Bootstrap on the area under the curve (AUC) was used to compare clusters, with p values provided in the table on the right of the graph. Faded dots represent raw data points per DSO. C Average trajectory per color-coded patient cluster when the PHATE embedding was performed using cytokines⁷, tissue damage markers³ and DSO across all acute samples. Numbers in large circles represent the day of symptom onset at that coordinate. Shaded area represents confidence interval. Smaller circles in background are datapoints, color-coded by average analytes expression. A, C N = 630 data points. B 224 datapoints (only RNAemia+ participants were considered). A, B Two-stage bootstrap, with 1000 simulations. Pairwise comparison between all four clusters. C Bootstrapping at the patient level was used to visualize the confidence ellipses representing 3 standard deviations around the average. See material and methods for details. Source data are provided as Source_Data_File.xlsx.