Fig. 5: Computer simulations of tFUS generated by the 128-element random array ultrasound transducer in a representative individual (Subject #5). | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Computer simulations of tFUS generated by the 128-element random array ultrasound transducer in a representative individual (Subject #5).

From: Transcranial focused ultrasound to V5 enhances human visual motion brain-computer interface by modulating feature-based attention

Fig. 5

a The subject-specific T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images in horizontal, coronal and sagittal planes, with the red cross indicating the geometrical center of the V5 area. b Pseudo-CT images generated from the MRI in the same imaging planes as illustrated in a. c, d The transcranial pressure field and focused ultrasound beam (−6dB focal pressure volume) co-registered with the subject skull and brain models. e A lateral view of the transcranial ultrasound focus (−6dB focal pressure volume) on the surface of V5 along the yellow dashed line in d. The center of planned target used for optical-based brain navigation is depicted using a red cross, while the center of simulated ultrasound target is at the location marked with a green cross. The deflection of ultrasound focal spot is quantified with the spatial distance between these two crosses, which is measured as 2.84 mm for this subject. Extensive subject-wise characterizations of transcranial ultrasound focus are depicted and listed in Supplemental Fig. S3 and Supplemental Table S1.

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