Fig. 2: Characterization of ArGO-PSSNa membrane structures and properties. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Characterization of ArGO-PSSNa membrane structures and properties.

From: Electrostatic-induced ion-confined partitioning in graphene nanolaminate membrane for breaking anion–cation co-transport to enhance desalination

Fig. 2

a XRD diffraction patterns of PVDF substrate, GO, rGO, ArGO, and ArGO-PSSNa membranes. b 2D-WAXD patterns of GO (i), rGO (ii), ArGO (iii), and ArGO-PSSNa (iv) membranes. c Variation of element content over XPS etching depth in GO (i), rGO (ii), ArGO (iii), and ArGO-PSSNa (iv) membranes. The lines between symbols are guides to the eye. d FTIR spectra of GO, rGO, ArGO, and ArGO-PSSNa membranes. The dashed lines are guide to the eye. e Zeta potentials of GO, rGO, ArGO, and ArGO-PSSNa membranes. Error bars represent the standard deviation of three replicate measurements. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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