Fig. 2: Precise stimulation of retina using 3D imaging guidance and retina auto-detection. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Precise stimulation of retina using 3D imaging guidance and retina auto-detection.

From: Noninvasive imaging-guided ultrasonic neurostimulation with arbitrary 2D patterns and its application for high-quality vision restoration

Fig. 2: Precise stimulation of retina using 3D imaging guidance and retina auto-detection.

a Illustrations showing that the ultrasound stimulation pattern on the retina would be significantly compromised in off-target situations. When angle is tilt, the stimulation pattern would be tilted and off-axis. When focal depth is inaccurate, the stimulation pattern would be blurred. b Schematic showing ultrasound 2D array electrically scanning the eyeball to reconstruct its 3D model. c Representative examples of acquired B-mode images in the scanning direction. d Reconstructed 3D model of the rat eyeball. e, f Cornea surface and retina highlighted by the retina auto-detection algorithm, and the calculated relative distance e and angle f between the array surface and retina. Experiments were repeated independently two times on one blind rat and one healthy rat.

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