Fig. 1: Influence of Pd on the selenization process. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Influence of Pd on the selenization process.

From: Pd(II)/Pd(IV) redox shuttle to suppress vacancy defects at grain boundaries for efficient kesterite solar cells

Fig. 1

a Cross-sectional HAADF STEM image of the ACZTSSe-Pd film. The green rectangle represents the EELS mapping region. b, c EELS mapping image of Pd (M4 and M5 peaks) and Se (L2 and L3 peaks). d–f Evolutions of element composition and Sn 3d XPS spectra of the films during the selenization process. g Gaussian fitting of the XPS spectra of the final-state ACZTSSe films. h, i Evolutions of surface CPD of the two samples during the selenization process.

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