Fig. 6: One typical application of the AI-driven olfaction interface in olfaction enhancement.

a The adopted list-wise recommendation frame for providing a personalized olfaction training plan to users. b Olfactory capability variations of 10 volunteers without any olfactory impairment after receiving 7-day personalized olfaction training achieved by the intelligent, high-channel olfaction interface system. c, d Overall recognition rate (c) and training time (d) variations of the 10 volunteers as a function of olfaction training times.