Fig. 3: Propagation robust singular structures.
From: Nondiffracting supertoroidal pulses and optical “Kármán vortex streets”
The singular structures of electric field evolving with propagation versus the time for a focused STP (q3 = ∞, α = 50) (a) and a NDSTP (q3 = 1, α = 1) (b): each panel presents an isoline plot of the logarithm of the electric field (\({\log }_{10}| \overrightarrow{E}|\)) of the pulse in the x-z plane at a given time. The singularities are highlighted by bold black lines. Unit of length: q1. See Supplementary Movie 2 for the dynamic evolutions of a and b other general cases with different parameters.
