Fig. 5: Basics of the coupled gas–gas-electricity system and early warning of the GDC.

There are two large gas-fired power plants (HZ and XS) in the gas network, with a total power generation of 1722.6 MW. According to the topology of the gas network, the failure of the gas source (GS) or certain gas pipelines (①, ③, ④, and ⑤) will sever the fuel supply to the gas-fired power plants, and the SAETs of these failures are shown in different colours of the gas pipeline. In general, the closer the failure point is to the impacted gas turbine, the more urgent the major failure is. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.