Fig. 4: Subgroup analysis of disease-free survival including age, sex, ECOG PS, lymphovascular invasion, histology, tumor size, postoperative complication, and adjuvant chemotherapy (RDG [n = 141] vs. LDG [n = 142]).

Forest plots show the hazard ratio (HR) as centers, and the upper and lower hinges represent the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A Cox proportional hazard model without stratification factors was used to calculate HRs for group comparisons. P values were two-sided at the 5% significance level and adjusted by the Benjamini–Hochberg method. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.