Fig. 1: Ion channel localization reveals polarized muscle membrane compartmentalization.

A Schematic diagram of the organization of the C. elegans musculature in the head, the midbody region, and in a cross section. Head and midbody dorso-ventral views show two out of four muscle quadrants. Successive muscle cells are labelled in green and dark grey. Anterior (Ant) to the left, posterior (Pos) to the right. Dorsal and ventral nerve cords are labelled in blue in the cross-section. Epidermal tissue is coloured in light grey. B Asymmetric localization of TWK-28, TWK-24 and SLO-1 channels. Muscle membrane labelled by TWK-12-wrmScarlet, magenta. C Image segmentation reveals little to no co-localization of ion channels in triple-labelled muscle cells using TWK-28 (cyan), TWK-24 (magenta), and SLO-1 (green) fluorescent knock-in lines. D SLO-1 and ISLO-1 distributions coincide exclusively in the posterior domain. ISLO-1 is also found in the anterior domain of the muscle cell. E TWK-28 and ISLO-1 distributions overlap in the anterior domain of muscle cells. Rightmost column, magnified view of anterior domain of a muscle cell. Regions of interest in (D) and (E): Anterior domain, comet-shaped domain at anterior tip of muscle cells; Posterior domain, punctate clustered pattern in posterior part of muscle cells. Muscle cell outlines are indicated with yellow dashed lines. Scale bars, 20 μm.