Fig. 2: Chronic exposure to NB promotes lung cancer progression in high-carbohydrate diet (HCD)-fed mice.
a–e Two-month-old male C57BL/6 J (B6) mice were inoculated orthotopically with LLC-Luc cells. After lung tumor formation was confirmed, mice with LLC-Luc orthotopic tumors (LLC-Lucortho) were exposed to Veh or NB under standard diet (SD), high-carbohydrate diet (HCD), or high-fat diet (HFD) conditions for two months. The data is representative of two independent experiments with similar results. a Schematic diagram of the experimental schedule. b Representative ex vivo bioluminescence images of the lung, liver, posterior thoracic cage (PTC), anterior thoracic cage (ATC), brain, and spleen. c Quantitative analyzes of bioluminescence intensity (BLI) of analyzed organs (n = 6/group for Veh/SD, NB/SD, Veh/HCD, and NB/HCD groups; n = 10/group for Veh/HFD and NB/HFD groups). d Representative photographs of the H&E-stained sections of the lungs and liver. Scale bars: 2.5 μm (lung image); 50 μm (liver image). e Microscopic evaluation of H&E-stained lung and liver tissues for tumor multiplicity and burden (n = 12/group for Veh/SD, NB/SD, Veh/HCD, and NB/HCD groups; n = 17/group for Veh/HFD and NB/HFD groups). f–h B6 mice with LLC-Lucortho were exposed to Veh or NB under SD or HCD conditions, either alone or together with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG, 500 mg/kg) for 2 months. f Schematic diagram of the experimental schedule. g Quantitative analyzes of BLI of analyzed organs (n = 5/group for Veh/HCD and NB/HCD groups; n = 7/group for other groups). h Kaplan–Meier survival curve of the mice in each group (n = 11 for Veh/SD and NB/SD groups; n = 9 for Veh/SD/2DG and NB/SD/2DG groups; n = 17 for Veh/HCD and NB/HCD groups; n = 10 for Veh/HCD/2DG and NB/HCD/2DG groups). The data are presented as the mean ± SD. p-values were determined by using Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc test (c, e, g) or a log-rank test (h). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
