Fig. 2: Optimized cavities.

Simulated a near-field electric field amplitude and b scattered far-field power for the 2D photonic crystal cavity design used in this work, which maximizes vertical scattering as measured by the zero-order diffraction efficiency η0 of tiled cavity unit cells (diffraction orders are marked by white × s). c Scanning electron micrograph showing one of our optimized photonic crystal cavities and d confocal PL 2D scan highlighting the PL emission from the cavity center.