Fig. 3: Baseline viral load, CD4, age, BMI, stage and mortality in 4 sub-groups identified through hierarchical clustering.

Among participants in the 4 sub-groups identified through hierarchical clustering of principal components derived from 23 baseline biomarkers, the baseline viral load, CD4 count, age, BMI, WHO disease stage and mortality are shown. Box plots for viral load, CD4 count, age and BMI show the distributions within the four clusters identified. The boxes show the 25th and 75th percentiles, and the central line marks the median value. The whiskers extend to the most extreme value no further than 1.5*IQR from the 25th/75th percentile. Individual data points are plotted as a dot. Bar charts for stage at enrolment and mortality (binary variables) show the means with error bars representing 95% confidence intervals. N = 579 for BMI, N = 585 for other variables. P-values from Kruskal–Wallis tests except stage and mortality which are chi-squared tests with no adjustment for multiple testing. BMI exact p-value = 0.0004. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.