Table 2 Associations between baseline biomarkers and all-cause mortality (multivariable models)

From: Biomarkers of mortality in adults and adolescents with advanced HIV in sub-Saharan Africa

Variable

Adjusted HRa

Fully adjusted HRa

p-value

CRP (log 10)

2.46 (1.92–3.15)

1.98 (1.51–2.59)

<0.001b

IFNγ (log 10)

3.66 (2.06–6.50)

3.09 (1.55–6.16)

0.001b

IL-23 (log 10)

0.85 (0.60–1.19)

0.50 (0.32–0.80)

0.004b

IL-2 (log 10)

0.72 (0.32–1.61)

0.20 (0.06–0.67)

0.009

IL-6 (log 10)

1.75 (1.09–2.80)

2.84 (1.00–8.06)

0.0498

IP-10 (log 10)

1.25 (0.89–1.76)

2.29 (1.39–3.75)

0.001b

RANTES (log 10)

0.52 (0.33–0.81)

0.32 (0.17–0.60)

<0.001b

Covariates

Randomisation: enhanced prophylaxis

 

0.58 (0.39–0.87)

0.008

WHO stage at enrolment: 3–4

 

2.13 (1.27–3.57)

0.004

Site: Centre B

1.89 (0.84–4.24)

0.33

Centre C

0.56 (0.22–1.46)

Centre D

1.28 (0.57–2.90)

Centre E

1.62 (0.70–3.76)

Centre F

1.23 (0.55–2.71)

Centre G

1.74 (0.83–3.68)

Age (per 5 years)

 

1.13 (1.03–1.24)

0.009

CD4 (per 10 cells/mm3)

 

0.89 (0.83–0.95)

0.001

BMI (per kg/m2)

 

0.92 (0.85–1.01)

0.07

HIV viral load (per log 10)

 

1.12 (0.78–1.61)

0.53

  1. Note: there was no evidence of interaction between enhanced prophylaxis randomisation and any biomarker or covariate (p > 0.1).
  2. aAdjusted models included one biomarker adjusted for all factors under ‘Covariates’ above. The fully adjusted model included all biomarkers shown together as well as the covariates.
  3. b35 biomarkers considered (excluding stool biomarkers and those where >40% of values were outside limit of detection) using backwards elimination (exit p = 0.1, see Methods): naïve Bonferroni significance threshold = 0.05/35 = 0.0014; symbol indicates tests passing an ordered Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) threshold.
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