Fig. 7: Analog modulo implementations.
From: A blueprint for precise and fault-tolerant analog neural networks
a Modulo operation performed using a ring oscillator. A ring oscillator with N = 3 inverters is shown to perform modulo against a modulus m = 3 as an example. b Modular dot product performed using cascaded phase shifters. A modular dot product operation between two 2-element vectors x and w, each with 3 digits, is shown in a dual-rail setup. The transistor switch turns on and supplies voltage to the phase shifter when the corresponding digit of w is 1 and it turns off when the corresponding digit of w is 0.
