Fig. 1: .

Parity mode (a) and substrate use (b) predict optimal (θ) body size shifts in Liolaemus lizards. a Viviparous (purple) species have a larger optimal (θ) body size than oviparous species (green). b Saxicolous (pink) species have a larger optimal (θ) body size than their saxicolous (blue) relatives. Evolutionary optimal body size was inferred from an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) model-fitting procedure (see Methods). The plots display the distribution of the estimated optimal body sizes, where the line is the median, box indicate lower and upper quartiles, and whiskers are minimum and maximum values. Each point within the plots represents a different stochastic character map (n = 500) across the ultrametric tree. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.