Fig. 4: Understanding the origin of electrocatalytic activity via in situ Raman and post-structural characterizations.
a Schematic illustration of the electrochemical cell for in-situ Raman spectroscopy analysis. In situ Raman spectra collected on CdPS3 electrode at the varying potentials in 0.1 M PBS (b) and 0.1 M BBS (c) electrolytes. d Ex-situ XRD characterization of the fresh and spent over electrode after 3 h HMF hydrogenation. e XPS spectra of CdS (fresh) and CdPS3_25 electrodes after 3 h of HMF hydrogenation reaction at different applied potentials of −0.55, −0.7, and −1.0 VRHE. SEM (f), and HRTEM (g) characterizations of the CdPS3_25 nanosheet sample after 3 h of HMF hydrogenation reaction. h Schematic illustration depicting in situ surface reconstruction of CdPS3 during HMF hydrogenation.
