Fig. 1: gHgL, gB and gp42 are potential antigens to develop nanovaccines against EBV infection.

A Anti-gp350, anti-gHgL, anti-gB and anti-gp42 IgG titers in sera of 32 healthy EBV carriers. Data points are shown as the mean ± SEM. B Neutralization of CNE2-EBV infection of Akata B cells (left panel) and Akata-EBV infection of HNE1 cells (right panel) by sera collected from 32 healthy EBV carriers. Half maximal inhibitory dilution fold (ID50) was calculated by sigmoid trend fitting. Data points are shown as the mean ± SEM. C Reduction of neutralizing ability of EBV infection of Akata B cells and HNE1 cells by sera after glycoprotein-specific antibodies depletion. The percentage of neutralization reduction was calculated by (1-ID50-depleted/ID50-before) × 100%. Data points are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 32). D Schematic illustration of nanovaccine preparation. The figure elements were created from Biorender.com. E Size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of the NP-gHgL, NP-gB and NP-gp42 nanovaccines. F Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of NP-gHgL, NP-gB and NP-gp42 nanovaccines (Scale bar = 100 nm) (n = 3). G Efficacy of encapsulation of antigens and adjuvants into NP-gHgL, NP-gB and NP-gp42. The average percentages of encapsulation are shown for three independent experiments for each nanovaccine. Cumulative release of antigens (H), CpG (I) and MPLA (J) in vitro. NP-gHgL, NP-gB and NP-gp42 were diluted in PBS with Tween 80 and incubated at 37 °C under continuous shaking at 100 rpm. Data represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments of each nanovaccine. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. DOTAP, 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane; MPLA, monophosphoryl lipid A; PLGA, poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid; DSPE-PEG2000, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[(polyethylene glycol)−2000].